2011年10月28日金曜日
The 20×20
The 20×20 was so difficult for me, because I have not experienced such a presentation style. When I did presentation before, I used slides to remind me of the contents and did not have the limitation of the time. I could not talk everything that I wanted to talk, because there was time limit. I think the good points in my presentation were that I did not write many words in the slides and that the volume of my voice was appropriate. Also from reaction of my section mate, I got some advice to make my presentation better. For instance, I should have more eye contact, I should have more confidence, and more pictures should be included in my slides. So, in the next 20×20 style presentation, I would like to speak with confidence and more eye contact, and make the slides more creative.
2011年10月18日火曜日
Essay Draft
Erina Ikegaya
Professor Christianson
ARW Section: BD
17 October 2011
Outline
Research Question
How should the German government solve the conflicts between immigrants in Germany and German who live in the settlement?
Thesis Statement
1) The German government should reduce an unemployment rate and maintain impartiality between Turkish immigrants and German in the point of social security.
2) The Turkish immigrants in Germany and German in the settlement should regard each other as one of the members of their society.
Ⅰ. Introduction
A. (Hook) A proportion of immigrants in Germany
B. (Background) The history of immigration from Turkey to Germany
C. Thesis
Ⅱ. Causes of the conflict
A. For German
B. For immigrants in Germany
C. Policy on immigrants in Germany
Ⅲ. Solution of the financial problems
A. Comparison with the situation and the policy about immigrants in Canada
B. The merits for German by accepting the immigrants
C. The support of the government for the immigrants and education
Ⅳ. Solution of the community problems
A. Comparison with the situation and the policy about immigrants in France
B. Immigrants as a part of the German society
C. Education
Ⅴ. Conclusion
A. Repeat thesis and main points
How should the German government solve the conflicts with immigrants?
Do you know a proportion of the immigrants in Germany? It is 13.1% (IOM). The population of Germany is 82.167 million (Data Book of the World) and that of the people who have immigrant background is 15.3 million (IOM). In this essay, I want to focus on immigrants from Turkey. The history of immigration from Turkey to Germany is as follows. After the end of World War Ⅱ, West- Germany’s damaged economy recovered rapidly and in the process of it, many workers were needed more than the country could provide for itself (GRIN). Also, the population of Germany continued to decline and the number of the workers in West-Germany is not sufficient. Therefore, the German government invited guest workers to solve the problem. Guest workers are defined as “labors who would be contracted for a specific job for a certain time” (GRIN). On the contrary, most of the immigrants settled down in Germany. From 1955 to 1973, 2 millions of Turkish guest workers came into Germany and supported the rapid growth of the economy (IOM). In 1973, an oil crisis happened, and many guest workers lost their jobs. Accordingly, the German government stopped accepting immigrants except their family (IOM). In 1990s, a declining birthrate and aging population progressed and workers were lacking (IOM). In addition, more technical experts were needed because of the change of the industrial structure (IOM). With the increasing of Turkish immigrants, both German and Turkish immigrants began to have complaint against each other.
Thus, as the solutions of the conflicts, 1) the German government should reduce an unemployment rate and maintain impartiality between Turkish immigrants and German in the point of social security, and 2) the Turkish immigrants in Germany and German in the settlement should regard each other as one of the members of their society.
Ⅰ. Causes of the conflict
To know the solutions of the conflicts, I will show some causes of the conflicts. There are two different kinds of causes, that is, causes for German and causes for the Turkish immigrants. First, German have complaint against the immigrants because their unemployment rate is so high. According to Migration Research Net, 20.4 percent of the immigrants were unemployed, on the other hand, the unemployment rate of German nationals was 11.7 percent (Migration Research Net). Also, 8.4 percent of the immigrants in Germany were dependent on social welfare benefits, whereas only 2.9 percent of the people in Germany received such benefits (Migration Research Net). Second, Turkish immigrants in Germany are discontent with their poor condition. It is because the immigrants and their children suffer from “serious educational and training deficiencies” (Ireland 39) and poor language skills. Actually, according to the poverty report, in 2003, almost 25 percent of the foreign residents of social welfare from 15 to 64 years old had no school degree, on the other hand, 11 percent of German recipients had no degree (Migration Research Net). In addition, it is often difficult for young immigrants to communicate in the German language. That is to say, young immigrants have significant disadvantage when they take part in job selection procedure and tests (Migration Research Net). Also, the complaint of the immigrants is related to the policy of German government. To obtain German citizenship, the immigrants “have to prove enough knowledge of the German language, hold a residence permit, commit themselves to the liberal democratic basic order, sign a written pledge to the German constitution and have to be able to earn their livelihood without government welfare” (Germany 47).
Ⅱ. Solution of the financial problems
“Canada is a multicultural and immigrant-friendly country” (Canada). For example, the Immigrant and Settlement and Adaption Program, which is a special program by CIC (Citizenship and Immigration Canada), has been formulated for immigrants to provide information about social, educational, housing, economic, banking and jobs in Canada (Canada). The reason why the Canadian government accept many immigrants is that Canadian can get some benefit by accepting immigrants. Therefore, to solve the financial problems, German should realize that they can gain benefit by accepting the immigrants. For instance, there are some intelligent immigrants and they may contribute to the development of Germany. For another example, the immigrants compensate for a shortage of workers due to a declining birthrate and the aging population. Also, the support of the government for the immigrants is necessary. For instance, like the Canadian government, the German government should provide more information for immigrants to get their jobs. Also, the German government make a system that the immigrants can loan money to begin their life in Germany.
Ⅲ. Solution of the community problems
Next, I will compare the situation and the policy about immigrants in Germany and those of in France. In Germany, as seen in the chapter of “cases of the conflict”, the policy on the immigrants is intolerant. On the other hand, the situation and the policy in France are different. The immigration situation in France has been influenced by the colonialism of earlier centuries (Focus-Migration). Also, the policy on the immigrants in France is not stricter than that of in Germany. For example, the law of equal opportunities of the 31st March 2006 includes a lot of measures to prevent discrimination and is intended to improve unification for young people with an immigrant background, especially on the labor market (Focus-Migration). It also contains programs to promote education and to open up the labor market for young people from disadvantaged social background, especially in the suburbs where many families with an immigrant background live (Focus-Migration). How about the situation of the cultural difference between French and the immigrants in France? For example, the Muslims in France are facing strong opposition to the observance of certain of their religious traditions and rituals. In the other words, French are not tolerant to the different culture (The International). From those facts, the German government should promote multiculturalism. According to Oxford Dictionary, multiculturalism is the practice of giving importance to all cultures on a society (Oxford Dictionary). Therefore, German and the Turkish immigrants should understand and respect their culture each other even though most of German are Christian and most of Turk are Muslim, and they should regard each other as one of the members of the society. Also, the German government should admit self-organization and identity-based activities for the Turkish immigrants. To solve the community problem, the government should provide more educational opportunities for the immigrants, because their level of study is usually lower than that of German as it is seen in the second paragraph. For example, the immigrants who came to Germany first could not speak German language, and it became disadvantage for the immigrants when they select their jobs.
Ⅳ. Conclusion
Therefore, 1) the German government should reduce an unemployment rate and maintain impartiality between Turkish immigrants and German in the point of social security, and 2) the Turkish immigrants in Germany and German in the settlement should regard each other as one of the members of their society.
Works Cited
De-ta Bukku obu za wa-rudo [Data Book of the World]. Tokyo: Ninomiyasyoten, 2010. Print.
Focus-Migration: France. Web. 12 Oct. 2011
Germany. Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. The Impact of Immigration on Germany’s Society. Nurnberg: Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, 2005. Print.
Ireland, Patric. Becoming Europe. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004. Print.
Kaur, Harleen. “Canada welcomes immigrants, offers financial help.” Canada Updates,
23 Aug. 2010. Web. 12 Oct. 2011
Klusener, Edqar. Turkish immigrants in Germany and their cultural conflicts.
University of Manchester, 2006. Web.
Naujoks, Daniel. “Poverty, migrants, refugees, social benefits, unemployment the 2nd German Gove.” Migration Research Net, Web. 9 Oct. 2011.
Seljuq, Affan. “Cultural Conflicts: North African Immigrants in France.” The International Journal of Peace Studies, Web. 15 Oct. 2011.
The Concise Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 2004, Print.
United Nations. International Organization for Migration. Germany. United Nations,
June 2011. Web. 9 Oct. 2011
2011年10月7日金曜日
Essay Outline
Research Question
How should the Germany government solve the conflicts between immigrants in Germany and German who live in the settlement?
Thesis Statement
1) The government should reduce an unemployment rate.
2) The government should maintain impartiality between immigrants and German in the point of social security.
Ⅰ. Introduction
A. (Hook) A proportion of immigrants in Germany
B. (Background) The history of immigration from Turkey to Germany
C. Thesis
Ⅱ. Causes of the conflict
A. For German
B. For immigrants in Germany
C. Policy on immigrants in Germany
Ⅲ. Solution of the financial problems
A. Comparison with the situation and the policy about immigrants in Canada
B. The merits for German by accepting the immigrants
C. The support of the government for the immigrants and education
Ⅳ. Solution of the community problems
A. Comparison with the situation and the policy about immigrants in France
B. Education
C. Immigrants as a part of the German society
Ⅴ. Conclusion
A. Repeat thesis and main points
B. Quotation
＊Sources
1. Patrick Ireland, Becoming Europe, 2004
2. Rina Chin, The Guest Worker Question in Postwar Germany, 2007
3. Rafaela. M. Dancygier, Immigration and conflict in Europe, 2010
4. Focus migration, France,?
5. Immigration in the European Union: problem or solution?
6. Canada welcomes immigrants, offers financial help, 2010
7. International Organization for Immigrants; Activities in Germany, 2011
2011年10月2日日曜日
Essay ideas
In this term, I plan to research and write about conflicts between European who live in the settlement and immigrants in Europe. My research question is "How should the government solve the problem?" 
The reason why the issue is important is as follows. In developing countries, population explosion occurs and there are not enough jobs for everyone. On the other hand, in developed countries, population has been decreasing. So, it is natural that people from developing countries go to developed countries seeking for their jobs. Therefore, the conflict will happen not only in Europe but also in other regions, and we have to find the way to live together.
I have three reasons why I'm interested in this issue. First, I have heard about the conflict between European and immigrants in Europe due to the lack of jobs , and about Guest workers in German in geography class when I was a high school student. Second, I watched the news about conflict between European and immigrants in Europe in the point of social security. Third, I like soccer and in Europe, there are many soccer players from other countries and whose parents were immigrants. For example, the player on the picture is Mesut Ozil whose parents were immigrants from Turkey to Germany. He played soccer in Germany, but now he is in Spain.
I want to know 1) the reason of the conflict, 2) where the immigrants come from, 3) a proportion of immigrants in each country in Europe, 4) what the government did to solve the problem, 5) the main problem of this conflict, 6) the history of immigration to Europe, 7) the causes or background of immigration, and 8) the immigrants problem in other countries such as the U.S., Japan and so on.
English sources are as follows.
1. Patrick Ireland, Becoming Europe, 2004
2. Rina Chin, The Guest Worker Question in Postwar Germany, 2007
3. Rafaela. M. Dancygier, Immigration and conflict in Europe, 2010
4. Focus migration, France,?
2011年9月21日水曜日
My reaction to Fisher
The contents of the Fisher's text is so interesting and I am very convinced by it. I have some experiences of Fisher's 5 characteristics of the Nature of Perception and 5 Elements of Perception. For example, in NP lecture, when Mike showed us playing cards, I didn't notice the existence of a black diamond card even though it doesn't exist in reality. This is an example of the power of expectations. Also, I'm convinced about Comparison because if we don't have comparison, we can't evaluate anything. In the discussion of Today's class, we found that only Expectations cause some problems in Fisher's 5 Elements. It is because only Expectations lead people to make mistakes, and the other 4 Elements don't cause any serious misunderstanding. And we understand the difference between Expectations and Context. The difference is that the things led by Expectations are not real and on the other hand, the things led by Context are actual. Then, what I want to know is that how can we deal with the Fisher's 5 characteristics of the Nature of Perception!! But I think there is no answer to this question.
2011年9月17日土曜日
My reaction to the Barna text
The Baena text is interesting for me. In this summer, I took part in the SEA Program and went to the U.S. In the U.S., I had many difficulties in communicating with foreigners such as language differences, preconceptions and stereotypes and so on. The most interesting part for me is the tendency to evaluate because I never hit upon such an idea.
In the discussion in my group, we found the Seventh Stumbling Block; that is xenophobia. Xenophobia is a fear of outsiders. For example, Japan has a characteristic of ethnocentrism. We don't accept many immigrants from other countries because we are afraid of them. It is natural to be afraid of others, especially of foreigners, because they have different cultures, but we have to get used to them later and accept them. By accepting outsiders, we can communicate with them more!!
I'm curious about how can we communicate with people who don't know the languages we know, and we can't use verbal communication. I can use nonverbal communication instead of verbal communication, but sometimes there are different meanings in the same gesture.
2011年9月13日火曜日
Book Reaction
In this summer, I read 1984 written by George Orwell as a summer reading assignment. I have two reasons why I chose this book. The first reason is that when I read the shorter version of it in high school, I could not finish to read it and could not understand the contents of it. The second reason is that I read it in a class of SEA Program and I was interested in it.
Then, I want to tell you about the story. 1984 is a Science Fiction story about the world in “1984”. There are three countries called Oceania, Eastasia and Eurasia. In Oceania, the Party controls everything including people’s mind and history, and the leader of the Party is called Big Brother. The Party observes people using the telescreen and hates sex. There are three main characters and they are Winston, Julia and O’ Brien. All of them are members of the Party. But Winston and Julia do not believe what the Party says. Although O’ Brien told them that he was the enemy of the Party, but this was a lie. Gradually, Winston and Julia fell in love with each other and believed that they would never betray each other even if they were tortured. However, after they were arrested and tortured, they betrayed each other. Finally, Winston and Julia do not love each other and they are completely controlled by the Party. The themes of 1984 are freedom and love. In this world, there is no freedom and people cannot decide anything by their choice. Also, there are many descriptions about the relationship between Winston and Julia. They were worried that they would be arrested and tortured by the Party, but they decided to continue their relationship.
The part I liked especially is the part that Winston and Julia talk about themselves seriously. I liked it because I think it is the first time that they can know each other deeply. Also, I can get much information about them and it makes me read this book a little easier. The part I disliked especially is the part that Winston is tortured. I also watched the movie of 1984 and this part is so cruel. The cruelest part is that Winston is tortured with rats, which is the worst thing in the world for Winston. If I were Winston, I would scream, cry and feel like to die immediately. Anyway, 1984 is not an enjoyable book because there are many cruel parts, but it is so interesting.
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