Erina Ikegaya Ikegaya 2
Professor Christianson
ARW Section: BD
14 November 2011
Outline
Research Question
How should the German government solve the conflicts between immigrants in Germany and German who live in the settlement?
Thesis Statement
1) The German government should reduce an unemployment rate through education for the immigrants.
2) The Turkish immigrants in Germany and German in the settlement should regard each other as one of the members of their society.
Ⅰ. Introduction
A. (Hook) A proportion of immigrants in Germany
B. (Background) The history of immigration from Turkey to Germany
C. Thesis
Ⅱ. Causes of the conflict
A. For German
B. For immigrants in Germany
C. Current policy on immigrants in Germany
Ⅲ. Solution for German
A. Comparison with the situation and the policy about immigrants in Canada
B. The merits for German by accepting the immigrants
C. Education
Ⅳ. Solution for Turkish immigrants
A. Comparison with the situation and the policy about immigrants in France
B. The support of the government for the immigrants
C. Education
Ikegaya 3
Ⅴ. Conclusion
A. Repeat thesis and main points
Ikegaya 4
How should the German Government Solve the Conflicts with Immigrants?
Do you know the proportion of the immigrants in Germany? It is 13.1% (IOM). The population of Germany is 82.167 million (De-ta Book of the World). Of the people who have immigrant background is 15.3 million (U.N. IOM). In this essay, I want to focus on immigrants from Turkey. The history of immigration from Turkey to Germany is as follows. After the end of World War Ⅱ, West- Germany’s damaged economy recovered rapidly and in the process of it, many workers were needed more than the country could provide for itself (Klusener). Also, the population of Germany continued to decline and the number of the workers in West Germany was not sufficient. Therefore, the German government invited guest workers to solve the problem. Guest workers are defined as “labors who would be contracted for a specific job for a certain time” (Klusener). On the contrary, most of the immigrants settled down in Germany. From 1955 to 1973, 2 million of Turkish guest workers came into Germany and supported the rapid growth of the economy (U.N. IOM). In 1973, an oil crisis happened, and many guest workers lost their jobs. Accordingly, the German government stopped accepting immigrants except their family (U.N. IOM). However, in 1990s, a declining birthrate and aging population progressed and workers were lacking (U.N. IOM). In addition, more technical experts were needed because of the change of the industrial structure (U.N. IOM). With the increasing of Turkish immigrants, both German and Turkish immigrants began to have complaint against each other.
Thus, as the solutions of the conflicts, 1) the German government should reduce an unemployment rate through education for the immigrants, and 2) the Turkish immigrants in Germany and German in the settlement should regard each other as one
Ikegaya 5
of the members of their society.
Ⅰ. Causes of the conflict
To know the solutions of the conflicts, I will show the causes of the conflicts. There are two different kinds of causes, that is, causes for Germans and causes for the Turkish immigrants.
First, Germans have complaint against the immigrants because unemployment rate of immigrants is so high. According to Migration Research Net, 20.4 percent of the immigrants were unemployed, on the other hand, the unemployment rate of German nationals was 11.7 percent (Naujoks). Also, 8.4 percent of the immigrants in Germany were dependent on social welfare benefits, whereas only 2.9 percent of the people in Germany received such benefits (Naujoks). German have complaint against such situation because they have to pay much tax for social welfare for the immigrants.
Second, Turkish immigrants in Germany are discontent with their poor condition. It is because the immigrants and their children suffer from “serious educational and training deficiencies” (Ireland 39) and poor language skills. Actually, according to the poverty report, in 2003, almost 25 percent of the foreign residents of social welfare from 15 to 64 years old had no school degree, on the other hand, 11 percent of German recipients had no degree (Naujoks). In addition, it is often difficult for young immigrants to communicate in the German language. That is to say, young immigrants have significant disadvantage when they take part in job selection procedure and tests (Naujoks). Also, the complaint of the immigrants is related to the policy of German government. To obtain German citizenship, the immigrants “have to prove
Ikegaya 6
enough knowledge of the German language, hold a residence permit, commit themselves to the liberal democratic basic order, sign a written pledge to the German constitution and have to be able to earn their livelihood without government welfare” (Germany 47). That means it is difficult for the Turkish immigrants to get German citizenship. The policy on immigrants in Germany is a little too rigid. Thus, the conflicts between the Turkish immigrants and German occur because German have complaint against immigrants due to the high unemployment rate of immigrants, and the Turkish immigrants are discontent with their poor condition.
Ⅱ. Solution of the financial problems
One solution is that all Germans should realize that they can gain benefit by accepting the immigrants. Contrary to Germany, “Canada is a multicultural and immigrant-friendly country” (Kaur). For example, the Immigrant and Settlement and Adaption Program, which is a special program by CIC (Citizenship and Immigration Canada), has been formulated for immigrants to provide information about social, educational, housing, economic, banking and jobs in Canada (Kaur). The reason why the Canadian government accepts many immigrants is that Canadian can get some benefit by accepting immigrants. Therefore, to solve the financial problems, German should realize that they can gain benefit by accepting the immigrants. For instance, there are some intelligent immigrants and they may contribute to the development of Germany. For another example, the immigrants compensate for a shortage of workers due to a declining birthrate and the aging population.
Also, the support of the government for the immigrants is necessary. For
Ikegaya 7
instance, like the Canadian government, the German government should provide more information for immigrants to get their jobs. In addition, the German government should make both German and Turkish immigrants understand and respect their culture each other through education.
Ⅲ. Solution of the community problems
Next, German should learn from the immigrant situation and the policy in
France. In Germany, as seen in the chapter of “cases of the conflict”, the policy on the immigrants is intolerant. On the other hand, the situation and the policy in France are different. The immigration situation in France has been influenced by the colonialism of earlier centuries (Focus-Migration). Also, the policy on the immigrants in France is not as strict as that of in Germany. For example, in France, the law of equal opportunities of the 31st March 2006 includes a lot of measures to prevent discrimination and is intended to improve unification for young people with an immigrant background, especially on the labor market (Focus-Migration). It also contains programs to promote education and to open up the labor market for young people from disadvantaged social background, especially in the suburbs where many families with an immigrant background live (Focus-Migration). From those facts, the German government should promote multiculturalism. According to Oxford Dictionary, multiculturalism is the practice of giving importance to all cultures on a society (The Concise Oxford English Dictionary). Therefore, German and the Turkish immigrants should understand and respect each other’s culture even though most of Germans are Christian and most of Turks are Muslim, and they should regard each other as one of the members of the
Ikegaya 8
society. Also, the German government should admit self-organization and identity-based activities for the Turkish immigrants. To solve the community problem, the government should provide more educational opportunities for the immigrants, because their level of study is usually lower than that of German as it is seen in the second paragraph. For example, the immigrants who came to Germany first could not speak German language, and it became disadvantage for the immigrants when they select their jobs and they try to obtain German citizenship. At least, the German government should provide educational opportunities for the immigrants to learn German language.
Ⅳ. Conclusion
Therefore, 1) the German government should reduce an unemployment rate through education for the immigrants, and 2) the Turkish immigrants in Germany and German in the settlement should regard each other as one of the members of their society.
Ikegaya 9
Works Cited
Anti-Islam Rally in Berlin, November 1 2011. Web.
De-ta Bukku obu za wa-rudo [Data Book of the World]. Tokyo: Ninomiyasyoten, 2010. Print.
Focus-Migration: France. Web. 12 Oct. 2011.
Germany. Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. The Impact of Immigration on Germany’s Society. Nurnberg: Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, 2005. Print.
Ireland, Patric. Becoming Europe. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004. Print.
Kaur, Harleen. “Canada Welcomes Immigrants, Offers Financial Help.” Canada Updates, 23 Aug. 2010. Web. 12 Oct. 2011.
Klusener, Edqar. Turkish immigrants in Germany and their cultural conflicts.
University of Manchester, 2006. Web. 15 Oct. 2011.
Naujoks, Daniel. “Poverty, migrants, refugees, social benefits, unemployment the 2nd German Gove.” Migration Research Net, Web. 9 Oct. 2011.
Seljuq, Affan. “Cultural Conflicts: North African Immigrants in France.” The International Journal of Peace Studies, Web. 15 Oct. 2011.
The Concise Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 2004, Print.
United Nations. International Organization for Migration. Germany. United Nations,
June 2011. Web. 9 Oct. 2011.
