Learning Blog --- ARW autumn: 10月 2011

Erina Ikegaya

Professor Christianson

ARW Section: BD

17 October 2011

Outline

Research Question

How should the German government solve the conflicts between immigrants in Germany and German who live in the settlement?

Thesis Statement

1) The German government should reduce an unemployment rate and maintain impartiality between Turkish immigrants and German in the point of social security.

2) The Turkish immigrants in Germany and German in the settlement should regard each other as one of the members of their society.

Ⅰ. Introduction

A. (Hook) A proportion of immigrants in Germany

B. (Background) The history of immigration from Turkey to Germany

C. Thesis

Ⅱ. Causes of the conflict

A. For German

B. For immigrants in Germany

C. Policy on immigrants in Germany

Ⅲ. Solution of the financial problems

A. Comparison with the situation and the policy about immigrants in Canada

B. The merits for German by accepting the immigrants

C. The support of the government for the immigrants and education

Ⅳ. Solution of the community problems

A. Comparison with the situation and the policy about immigrants in France

B. Immigrants as a part of the German society

C. Education

Ⅴ. Conclusion

A. Repeat thesis and main points

How should the German government solve the conflicts with immigrants?

Do you know a proportion of the immigrants in Germany? It is 13.1% (IOM). The population of Germany is 82.167 million (Data Book of the World) and that of the people who have immigrant background is 15.3 million (IOM). In this essay, I want to focus on immigrants from Turkey. The history of immigration from Turkey to Germany is as follows. After the end of World War Ⅱ, West- Germany’s damaged economy recovered rapidly and in the process of it, many workers were needed more than the country could provide for itself (GRIN). Also, the population of Germany continued to decline and the number of the workers in West-Germany is not sufficient. Therefore, the German government invited guest workers to solve the problem. Guest workers are defined as “labors who would be contracted for a specific job for a certain time” (GRIN). On the contrary, most of the immigrants settled down in Germany. From 1955 to 1973, 2 millions of Turkish guest workers came into Germany and supported the rapid growth of the economy (IOM). In 1973, an oil crisis happened, and many guest workers lost their jobs. Accordingly, the German government stopped accepting immigrants except their family (IOM). In 1990s, a declining birthrate and aging population progressed and workers were lacking (IOM). In addition, more technical experts were needed because of the change of the industrial structure (IOM). With the increasing of Turkish immigrants, both German and Turkish immigrants began to have complaint against each other.

Thus, as the solutions of the conflicts, 1) the German government should reduce an unemployment rate and maintain impartiality between Turkish immigrants and German in the point of social security, and 2) the Turkish immigrants in Germany and German in the settlement should regard each other as one of the members of their society.

Ⅰ. Causes of the conflict

To know the solutions of the conflicts, I will show some causes of the conflicts. There are two different kinds of causes, that is, causes for German and causes for the Turkish immigrants. First, German have complaint against the immigrants because their unemployment rate is so high. According to Migration Research Net, 20.4 percent of the immigrants were unemployed, on the other hand, the unemployment rate of German nationals was 11.7 percent (Migration Research Net). Also, 8.4 percent of the immigrants in Germany were dependent on social welfare benefits, whereas only 2.9 percent of the people in Germany received such benefits (Migration Research Net). Second, Turkish immigrants in Germany are discontent with their poor condition. It is because the immigrants and their children suffer from “serious educational and training deficiencies” (Ireland 39) and poor language skills. Actually, according to the poverty report, in 2003, almost 25 percent of the foreign residents of social welfare from 15 to 64 years old had no school degree, on the other hand, 11 percent of German recipients had no degree (Migration Research Net). In addition, it is often difficult for young immigrants to communicate in the German language. That is to say, young immigrants have significant disadvantage when they take part in job selection procedure and tests (Migration Research Net). Also, the complaint of the immigrants is related to the policy of German government. To obtain German citizenship, the immigrants “have to prove enough knowledge of the German language, hold a residence permit, commit themselves to the liberal democratic basic order, sign a written pledge to the German constitution and have to be able to earn their livelihood without government welfare” (Germany 47).

Ⅱ. Solution of the financial problems

“Canada is a multicultural and immigrant-friendly country” (Canada). For example, the Immigrant and Settlement and Adaption Program, which is a special program by CIC (Citizenship and Immigration Canada), has been formulated for immigrants to provide information about social, educational, housing, economic, banking and jobs in Canada (Canada). The reason why the Canadian government accept many immigrants is that Canadian can get some benefit by accepting immigrants. Therefore, to solve the financial problems, German should realize that they can gain benefit by accepting the immigrants. For instance, there are some intelligent immigrants and they may contribute to the development of Germany. For another example, the immigrants compensate for a shortage of workers due to a declining birthrate and the aging population. Also, the support of the government for the immigrants is necessary. For instance, like the Canadian government, the German government should provide more information for immigrants to get their jobs. Also, the German government make a system that the immigrants can loan money to begin their life in Germany.

Ⅲ. Solution of the community problems

Next, I will compare the situation and the policy about immigrants in Germany and those of in France. In Germany, as seen in the chapter of “cases of the conflict”, the policy on the immigrants is intolerant. On the other hand, the situation and the policy in France are different. The immigration situation in France has been influenced by the colonialism of earlier centuries (Focus-Migration). Also, the policy on the immigrants in France is not stricter than that of in Germany. For example, the law of equal opportunities of the 31^st March 2006 includes a lot of measures to prevent discrimination and is intended to improve unification for young people with an immigrant background, especially on the labor market (Focus-Migration). It also contains programs to promote education and to open up the labor market for young people from disadvantaged social background, especially in the suburbs where many families with an immigrant background live (Focus-Migration). How about the situation of the cultural difference between French and the immigrants in France? For example, the Muslims in France are facing strong opposition to the observance of certain of their religious traditions and rituals. In the other words, French are not tolerant to the different culture (The International). From those facts, the German government should promote multiculturalism. According to Oxford Dictionary, multiculturalism is the practice of giving importance to all cultures on a society (Oxford Dictionary). Therefore, German and the Turkish immigrants should understand and respect their culture each other even though most of German are Christian and most of Turk are Muslim, and they should regard each other as one of the members of the society. Also, the German government should admit self-organization and identity-based activities for the Turkish immigrants. To solve the community problem, the government should provide more educational opportunities for the immigrants, because their level of study is usually lower than that of German as it is seen in the second paragraph. For example, the immigrants who came to Germany first could not speak German language, and it became disadvantage for the immigrants when they select their jobs.

Ⅳ. Conclusion

Therefore, 1) the German government should reduce an unemployment rate and maintain impartiality between Turkish immigrants and German in the point of social security, and 2) the Turkish immigrants in Germany and German in the settlement should regard each other as one of the members of their society.

Works Cited

De-ta Bukku obu za wa-rudo [Data Book of the World]. Tokyo: Ninomiyasyoten, 2010. Print.

Focus-Migration: France. Web. 12 Oct. 2011

Germany. Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. The Impact of Immigration on Germany’s Society. Nurnberg: Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, 2005. Print.

Ireland, Patric. Becoming Europe. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004. Print.

Kaur, Harleen. “Canada welcomes immigrants, offers financial help.” Canada Updates,

23 Aug. 2010. Web. 12 Oct. 2011

Klusener, Edqar. Turkish immigrants in Germany and their cultural conflicts.

University of Manchester, 2006. Web.

Naujoks, Daniel. “Poverty, migrants, refugees, social benefits, unemployment the 2^nd German Gove.” Migration Research Net, Web. 9 Oct. 2011.

Seljuq, Affan. “Cultural Conflicts: North African Immigrants in France.” The International Journal of Peace Studies, Web. 15 Oct. 2011.

The Concise Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 2004, Print.

United Nations. International Organization for Migration. Germany. United Nations,

June 2011. Web. 9 Oct. 2011

In this term, I plan to research and write about conflicts between European who live in the settlement and immigrants in Europe. My research question is "How should the government solve the problem?"

The reason why the issue is important is as follows. In developing countries, population explosion occurs and there are not enough jobs for everyone. On the other hand, in developed countries, population has been decreasing. So, it is natural that people from developing countries go to developed countries seeking for their jobs. Therefore, the conflict will happen not only in Europe but also in other regions, and we have to find the way to live together.

I have three reasons why I'm interested in this issue. First, I have heard about the conflict between European and immigrants in Europe due to the lack of jobs , and about Guest workers in German in geography class when I was a high school student. Second, I watched the news about conflict between European and immigrants in Europe in the point of social security. Third, I like soccer and in Europe, there are many soccer players from other countries and whose parents were immigrants. For example, the player on the picture is Mesut Ozil whose parents were immigrants from Turkey to Germany. He played soccer in Germany, but now he is in Spain.

I want to know 1) the reason of the conflict, 2) where the immigrants come from, 3) a proportion of immigrants in each country in Europe, 4) what the government did to solve the problem, 5) the main problem of this conflict, 6) the history of immigration to Europe, 7) the causes or background of immigration, and 8) the immigrants problem in other countries such as the U.S., Japan and so on.

English sources are as follows.

1. Patrick Ireland, Becoming Europe, 2004

2. Rina Chin, The Guest Worker Question in Postwar Germany, 2007

3. Rafaela. M. Dancygier, Immigration and conflict in Europe, 2010

4. Focus migration, France,?

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